3_mario

=Third Hour = =Mario = = =

=JOBS: = =//Holly-beginning slide and Equipment used slide// = =//Ashley-compared to today slide// = //Rashelle-Why punishments are received and concluding slide Mattie-Torture Slide // = = This is how u correctly site a magazine artical: Author(s) "article title" __publication title__ date of publication: page number

Example: Willams, Patricia J.. "Drowning Our Sorrows, Lifting a Glass" __Nation__ 2/2/2009: 5

=Websites for Elizabethan Project= RaShelle- 1. http://www.elizabethanenglandlife.com/different-kinds-of-elizabethan-era-torture.html This website is listing all the instruments of torture which include: stretching, burning, beating, and drowning. 2. http://www.william-shakespeare.info/elizabethan-crime-punishment.htm This website talks about how women couldn't even escape the torturing in this age. Like Anne Askew who died because of her religious beliefs. 1. MLA citing- Sarkis; Elizabethan England Life; TravelPragueCity.com, February 11, 2008; 2. MLA citing- Elizabethan Crime and Punishment; William Shakespeare info; 2005; February 11, 2008;

Ashley-1. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-tortures.htm This site lists methods and instruments of torture used in the elizabethan period. 2. http://www.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/springfield/eliz/torturepun.html This site gives an over view of what it was like in the elizabethan period and how torture affected people being tortured. : (

Holly-1. http://www.freeessays.cc/db/21/emr187.shtml This web page explains why punishment was given and the different types of punishment and torture in the elizabethan era. 2. http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/punishment.htm This ones about the same as the first but it give a lil more description about Queen Elizabeth 1 and it has links to other sites and information.

Mattie-1.http://www.william-shakespeare.info/william-shakespeare-biography-stratford.htm This site tells about the deaths that were caused by the tortures. 2[|.http://www.tomecek.com/jay/CrimeAndPunishment.html] Shows diffrent ways of how people were abused.

__**DEFINITIONS THAT MIGHT HELP**__

__Rack__-a former instrument of torture consisting of a framework on which a victim was tied, often spread- eagle, by the wrists and ankles, to be slowly stretched by spreading the parts of the framework framework/a cause or state of intense suffering of body or mind __The Scavenger's Daughter__- an instrument of torture that doubled over and squeezed the body so strongly and violently that blood was brought forth from the ears and nose: invented in 16th-century England.  __The Iron Maiden__- a medieval instrument of torture fashioned as a box in the shape of a woman, large enough to hold a human being, and studded with sharp spikes on the inside. __Branding Irons__- An iron that is heated and used for indicating identity or ownership

__The Wheel-__ limbs where woven around the spokes and the wheel was hoisted up so birds could peck away…death was slow __Thumbscrews__ __-__ one or both thumbs were compressed __The Gossip's Bridle or the Brank-__ the hook was used to hang the “witch” from the ceiling and she stayed in that position for many hours  __The Drunkards Cloak__ -A tub with holes for the arms to pass through. At one time used for drunkards and scolds by way of punishment.

__Ducking stools__- a former instrument of punishment consisting of a chair in which an offender was tied to be plunged into water.

__The Pillory__ - prisoner had there head and hands set between two wooden boards and was normally bent forward nether standing or kneeling.

__Stocks__-These were seen as the lesser evil of the two punishments, although an offender could spend up to a week set in the stocks. The Stocks generally held the feet, and sometimes the hands in wooden boards thus allowing the person to be pelted with rotten food etc,

__Assorted instruments designed to inflict intense pain__ - other things to inflict bad pain on people

During the Middle Ages, torture was a very common way to punish offenders. Following are the most common torture devices used during the Middle Ages. Viewer discretion is advised.
 * ||  || ===Medieval Torture===

[|Introduction] - Read the introduction to medieval torture before heading to the torture instruments.

[|Judas Cradle] - The Judas Cradle is a very painful torture. The victim was seated on a triangular-shaped seat where he or she was slowly impaled.

[|Coffin Torture] - The coffin torture - a very cruel medieval device where the victim was locked for hours or longer.

[|The Brazen Bull] - The brazen bull was a terrible torture device used in ancient Greece and throughout the Middle Ages.

[|The Rack Torture] - The rack is commonly referred as the most painful medieval torture of them all.

[|The Water Torture] - There were many ways to punish a victim with the use of water. This article explains the most common forms of such torture.

[|Exposure] - A terrible torture that was often deadly. The exposure was a method used all around medieval Europe. The sentence depended on the crime.

[|The Chair of Torture] - A striking instrument, the Chair was widely used throughout medieval Europe and beyond. It's origins are not clear, but the truth remains: This is one of the most painful and psychologically striking tortures ever devised by the human mind.

[|The Pear of Anguish] - A very painful torture applied almost exclusively on witches, liars, blasphemers and homosexuals.

[|The Rat Torture] - Rats were used for torture. They were free, available and painful if known how to use.

[|The Breast Ripper] - A very cruel form of torture was the Breast Ripper. A variant, The Spider, was similarly painful and frequently fatal.

[|The Head Crusher] - The head crusher was a psychologically striking instrument that was mainly used to extract confessions.

[|Saw Torture] - The Saw was a humiliating and painful torture available everywhere.

[|The Virgin of Nuremberg (The Maiden)] - The Maiden, also known as the Virgin of Nuremberg, was a torture device that consisted of a coffin with the face of a maiden full of spikes on every wall.

[|The Spanish Tickler] - A terrible torture used to tear a victim's flesh apart. It was commonly used in Spain.

[|Garrotte Torture] - The Garrotte was mostly used for executions and was very frequently used in Spain, hence its name.

[|Flagellation (Whipping)] - Describes the act of flagellation or whipping. Its use was very common in Ancient Rome, but it was stil a favorite form of punishment during the Middle Ages.

[|The Wheel Torture (Breaking Wheel)] - The Wheel torture was a very painful form of capital punishment. Death could be prolonged to a day or more.

[|Foot Roasting] - Foot roasting was used in the Middle Ages to extract confessions. The Templar Knights, among many other orders, were tortured with this same method.

[|Burning at the Stake] - Being burned at the stake was a terrible way to die. It could take several hours for death to occur and the causes of death were diverse.

[|Thumbscrew Torture] - A painful torture mostly used to extract confessions before moving to more painful torture methods.

[|The Heretics Fork] - A painful torture used to restrain a victim. It was used throughout the Middle Ages, but it reached its peak during the Spanish Inquisition.

[|Flaying Torture] - A very old and painful method that consists of "skinning" a person alive.

[|Lead Sprinkler] - The lead sprinkler was used to torture victims by pouring molten metals in different parts of their body.

[|Knee Splitter] - Used for destroying body parts, the knee splitter was a terrifying torture device that could even bring death.

[|The Spanish Spider] - A variant of the breast ripper, the Spanish Spider is an instrument capable of mutilating a woman's breasts.

[|Pillory Torture] - A mild form of punishment, the pillory was frequently used in the medieval world.

[|Crocodile Tube] - The crocodile tube was used to kill or extract confessions. It was one of the cruelest torture devices ever used on human beings.

[|The Brank] - The Brank was used to humiliate women who "broke the public order" through gossip or other means. ||  ||